Today's computers still use a microprocessor, despite the fourth generation being considered to have ended in 2010. Some of the earliest computers to use a microprocessor include the Altair 8800, IBM 5100, and Micral. Microprocessors, with integrated circuits, helped make it possible for computers to fit easily on a desk and for the introduction of the laptop. The fourth generation of computers took advantage of the invention of the microprocessor, more commonly known as a CPU. Over 45 years later, today's computers have deep roots going back to the third generation.
While the third generation is considered by many people to have spanned from 1964 to 1971, IC's are still used in computers today. Nearly all computers since the mid to late 1960s have utilized IC's. Using IC's in computers helped reduce the size of computers even more than second-generation computers, and also made them faster. The third generation of computers introduced the use of IC (integrated circuits) in computers.
Other computers that used transistors include the IBM 7070, Philco Transac S-1000, and RCA 501. The first computer to use transistors was the TX-0 and was introduced in 1956. Transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build. Transistors were widely used in computers from 1956 to 1963. The second generation of computers saw the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Other examples of first-generation computers include the EDSAC, IBM 701, and Manchester Mark 1. It weighed over 30 tons and took up a lot of space, requiring a large room to house it. It consisted of nearly 20,000 vacuum tubes, 10,000 capacitors, and 70,000 resistors. The ENIAC is a great example of a first-generation computer. Some of the first-generation computers took up an entire room. Vacuum tubes were larger components and resulted in first-generation computers being quite large in size, taking up a lot of space in a room. Vacuum tubes were widely used in computers from 1940 through 1956. The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes as a major piece of technology.
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